Radiofrequency Ablation in Treating Lung Cancer

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a medical procedure performed on an outpatient basis, typically guided by a computer tomography (CT) scan. It is often used as a minimally invasive treatment for small lung tumors when surgery is not an option.

During the procedure, local anesthesia is injected into the ablation area, and the needle prick may feel like a bee sting. RFA employs the application of heat generated by radiofrequency to destroy lung tumors. A probe that targets the tumor is guided by a CT scan. When the probe is in place, a current is applied to increase the temperature of the probe. Depending on the size and location of the tumor or abnormal tissue, multiple probes may be used for a larger or more comprehensive treatment area.

RFA is an alternative to surgical procedures (for non-surgical candidates) and radiation therapy. A number of other ablative techniques may also be used in lung cancer treatments, such as

• Cryoablation
• Microwave ablation
• Laser ablation

After the RFA procedure, patients may experience some discomfort or pain at the needle's site. This pain is typically mild and lasts for a few days. Over-the-counter pain relievers are often sufficient to manage this discomfort.

While major complications are rare, there are some potential risks associated with RFA. One of the possible risks is the partial collapse of a lung with pneumothorax, which may resolve on its own or need placement of chest tube. Another possible risk is bleeding into the lung, although this is also very rare.

Generally, RFA tends to have lower risks compared to open surgery. Contact your cancer care team if you experience any of the following after the procedure:

• severe pain or swelling at the ablation site
• persistent chest pain or difficulty breathing