Signs and Symptoms of Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer is the most common type of uterine cancer. It begins in the lining of the uterus (the endometrium) and often develops gradually over time. Compared with other uterine cancers, it is frequently less aggressive and more likely to cause early symptoms.

Recognizing these symptoms is important, as early detection is associated with better outcomes and a wider range of treatment options.

Abnormal vaginal bleeding

This includes:

• Bleeding after menopause
• Bleeding between periods
• Heavier or longer-than-usual menstrual periods

Abnormal vaginal bleeding is the most common and often the earliest symptom of endometrial cancer. Any bleeding after menopause should be evaluated promptly.

Abnormal vaginal discharge

Discharge that differs from your normal pattern in color, odor, amount, or consistency may be a warning sign.

Pelvic or lower abdominal pain

Persistent pain, pressure, or a feeling of fullness in the pelvis or lower abdomen may occur. Some people also report bloating. However, these symptoms are more common in later stages.

Unintentional weight loss

Losing weight without changes in diet or physical activity may occur in more advanced disease. Symptoms can vary from person to person and may be caused by conditions other than cancer. However, any persistent or unusual symptoms should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.

Uterine sarcoma is a rarer but more aggressive type of uterine cancer. While endometrial cancer starts in the uterine lining, uterine sarcoma arises from the muscle or connective tissue of the uterus. Symptoms may overlap but they typically differ in severity and progression.

Symptoms seen in both:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge

Symptoms that are more suggestive of uterine sarcoma:

• Pelvic or abdominal pain (often more pronounced)
• Rapid enlargement of the uterus or a pelvic mass
• Urinary or bowel symptoms due to pressure from the tumor

Symptoms alone cannot distinguish between different types of uterine cancer. Diagnostic evaluation is required to establish a definitive diagnosis. This includes transvaginal ultrasound, endometrial biopsy, and additional imaging.

Learn more: Diagnosing Uterine Cancer

Should you experience any of these symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

• Any bleeding after menopause
• Bleeding between periods
• Persistent pelvic pain or pressure
• Unusual vaginal discharge